现在分词

多数动词的现在分词都有「动词原型+ing」的型态，用法有很多种。

将现在分词用为动词进行式的一部分

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举例

I am working.
He was singing.
They have been walking.
We will be staying.
She would have been expecting me.

现在分词与表达行进丶姿势的动词连用

这种结构在动词 to go 上特别常见。

举例

She went shopping.
I go running every morning.
He lay looking up at the clouds.
She came running towards me.

现在分词与感知动词连用

这种用法的句型为：动词 + 受词 + 现在分词。当这类句子包含的是零不定词（也就是不含 to 的不定词）而不是分词时，意思上会有所不同。不定词涉及的是一个完成的动作，而现在分词涉及的是持续性的动作。

举例

I heard someone singing.
He saw his friend walking along the road.
I can smell something burning!
I watched the birds flying away.

现在分词用为形容词

举例

It was an amazing film.
Dark billowing clouds often precede a storm.
He was trapped inside the burning house.
Many of his paintings show the setting sun.

现在分词与 spend 和 waste 等动词连用

这类动词的句型是：动词 + 表达时间/金钱的词语 + 现在分词。

举例

My boss spends two hours a day travelling to work.
Don't waste time playing computer games!
They've spent the whole day shopping.
I wasted money buying this game.

现在分词与 catch 和 find 等动词的连用

使用这些动词的句型为：动词 + 受词 + 现在分词。用在 catch 后的现在分词，往往有「某件事造成滋扰或愤怒」之意。跟动词 find 的情况不同，没有情绪的意味。

举例

If I catch you stealing my apples again, there'll be trouble!
Don't let him catch you reading his letters.
I caught him going through my bag.
We found some money lying on the ground.
They found their mother sitting in the garden.

用现在分词表达两个动作同时进行

当两个动作同时发生，而且是由同个人或同件事物所做的动作，我们就会用现在分词来描述其中一个动作。当某个动作紧接在另一个动作后，而这个动作是由同个人或事物所做的；我们就可以将第一个动作用现在分词来表达。

举例

Whistling to himself, he walked down the road. = He whistled to himself as he walked down the road.
They went laughing out into the snow. = They laughed as they went out into the snow.
Dropping the gun, she put her hands in the air. = She dropped the gun and put her hands in the air.
Putting on his coat, he left the house. = He put on his coat and left the house.

用现在分词来说明原因

现在分词可以用来取代以 as丶since丶because 为首的片语。在这种用法中，分词片语说明某个动作的理由或原因。

举例

Feeling hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the fridge.
Being poor, he didn't spend much on clothes.
Knowing that his mother was coming, he cleaned the flat.
He whispered, thinking his brother was still asleep.

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